Diseño, construcción, operación y el efecto del contenido de finos y la permeabilidad en el desempeño sísmico de presas de relave de arena en Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-28132016000100001Palabras clave:
Presas de relaves, Presas de tierra, Fallas de presas, MineríaResumen
El crecimiento significativo de la industría minera metálica en las recientes últimas decádas, ha hecho necesaria la construcción de depósitos de relave de grandes dimensiones. Los relaves son el desecho fino que resulta de los procesos de molienda y concentrado. Por dos razones principalmente, el tipo más común de presa de relaves en minería es la presa de arena de relaves, un tipo especial de presa de relleno hidráulico. Esto porque este tipo de presas se deben construir durante un período largo de tiempo y debido al bajo costo de la arena disponible de los relaves. Este artículo analiza el comportamiento de presas de relave en Chile, uno de los países más activos sísmicamente en el mundo. Se discute el diseño y construcción de presas de relaves, así como también el efecto de drenes de gravas y materiales de filtro en el comportamiento geotécnico de arenas de relaves. Se enfatiza la importancia de la fase operacional porque esta fase puede durar muchos años y ser determinante en el comportamiento final de las presas de relaves. Finalmente, se dan recomendaciones para mitigar los riesgos a lo largo del ciclo de vida completa de las presas y se considera también el efecto de la permeabilidad y contenido de finos además de la resistencia drenada y no drenada de las arenas de relaves.
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